Music-generating and music-distributing apparatus.



T. GAHILL. MUSIC GENERATING AND MUSIC DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FBB.10. 1902. mmnwnn JAR. 10, m4.

. 1,107,261 Patented Aug. 18, 191 1 6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

T. CAHILL.

MUSIC GENERATING AND MUSIC DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS.

- APPLIOATION FILED rEB.1o. 1002. RENEWED 11!. 10, 1014. 1 1 07,26 1

Patented Aug. 18, 1914,

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

T. OAHILL. MUSIC GENERATING AND MUSIC DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS.

Patented Aug. 18, 191A 6 BHBETSSHEET 3.

M lmmiozy APPLICATION FILED PEB.10, 1902. RENEWED JAN. 10, 1914. 1, 1 07,26 1

T. CAHILL. MUSIC GENERATING AND Musm' DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS.

APPLIOA 1 1 07,26 1

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

6 BHEBTSSHEET 4.

T. CAHILL. MUSIC GENERATING AND MUSIC DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS. APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 10. 1902. RENEWED 10, 1014.

1,107,26 1 Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

6 SHBETB-SHEET 5.

T. GAHILL. MUSIC GENERATING AND MUSIC DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION TILED rEB.1o. 1902. RENEWED JAN. 10, 1914.

1,107,261. Patented Aug. 18, 19M

6 $HEETS-SHEET 6.

\ E E ME ZLLLLLLEL UN TI ED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

TEADDEUS CAHILI- OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR T'O ELLIS SPEAK, E. HILTON JACKSON, GEORGE F. CAHILL, ARTHUR T. CAHILL, AND THAD- DEUS CAHILL, TRUSTEES.

Original application filed August 10, 1895, Serial No.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 18,1914.

558,939. Divided and this application filed February 10, 1902, Serial No. 93,433. Renewed January 10, 1914. Serial No. 811,497.

- To all whom it may concern:

. App

Be it known that I, THADDEUS CAHILL, a citizen of the United States, residing temporarily at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and useful aratus for Generating Music and Also. for Distributing Music, of which the. following is a specification.

This application is one of several divi-' sions (filed or in preparation for filing) of original application No. 558,939, filed August 10, 1895.

One object of my invention is to produce music electrically.

Another object of my invention is to dis: tribute music electrically from one generating place or central station to many receiving points,"so that many persons, each in his own home, can hear and enjoy the music produced by a performer at a central sta-' tion.

Attempts have been madcto distribute music heretofore, by (a) first producing, with the usual instruments of music, vibrations of the air; (1)) translating thesevibrations into electrical vibrations by means of -microphones or other similar devices; and

( 0) transmitting these electrical vibrations from the central station to a plurality of places simultaneously and there translating the electrical vibrations into aerial vibrations by means of receiving telephones of the well known kind.,;The practical difiiculty with this method of generating and distributing music electrically, lies in the fact that the aerial vibrations produced in the 'first instance, measured dynamically, are of little power and the electrical vibrations produced from them, by means of the 'niiclo liones,

are usually of much less power, so that the sounds produced by the receiving instruments are feeble-so feeble that ordinarily it is necessary to hold the receiving telephone to the ear to hearthe music. And if a loud-sounding: telephone apparatus be used with microphone transmitters, then the sounds produced are usuallycha'rsh; .An-E,

other method of generating and distributing music electrically has been contrived, which consists in producing the requisite electrical vibrations at the central station, with the.

necessary -power, by means of -rheotomes Such.a 'method -is desoribedin the originalapplication before mentioned, of'which this is a-division; also such a method is described in Letters Patent of the United States to me, No. 580,035, dated April 6, 1897, which issued upon an application which was a quasidivision of the original application before mentioned.

By my present system, I generate the requis1te electrical vibrations at the central ,station by means of alternating-current dynamos, or alternators, as we may more briefly term them. Preferably, I employ as many alternators as there are notes in the scale, an alternator for each note. But I do not limitmyself to having as many alternators as there are notes in the compass of the instrument. With these alternators, I produce musical electrical vibrations of enormous power, when compared with the electrical vibrations produced by. microphones. By means of suitable note-controlling dethe vibrations of, the different alternatcrs upon the line, as the notes to which such alternators correspond are required in the being produced. With the line or distributing mains, I connect in any suitable manner one or more vibration-translating devices (preferably a plurality of sudh devices, located in diiferent places) whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrafrom one central station or place of distribution, simultaneously at many different places, with notes of good quality and great power. The musical electrical vibrations which Ifthus throw upon the line are millions of" times more powerful, measured in watts, than those ordinarily thrown upon the line by a telephone or microphone of the kind commonly used, and by means of which musical electrical vibrations are copied electrically.

The accompanying drawings illustrate one simple form of ap aratus for embodying my invention. I sha l first describe this one zform of apparatus, andwhen that has been clearly and full explained, I shall point out" certain modifications and alternative constructions, and will then, in the statement of claim at the end hereof, specifically point out and distinctly claim the parts, im-

vices, preferably keys at a keyboard, I throw playing of the musical composition that is.

tions. I am thus enabled to produce music provements and combinations which I claim, in this .divisional application, as of my own invention or discovery.

In the accompanying drawingsFigure 1 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating one simple form of my apparatus; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view, illustrating twelve pitch shafts, corresponding to the twelve notes of the chromatic scale and each giving movement to a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding respectively to different powers of two, and serving to roduce different octaves of the same note; *ig. 3 is a side elevation of the same, partly diagrammatic; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating one arrangement of driving belts and pulleys for the pitch shafts; Fig. 5 is a detail view, a side elevation partly diagrammatic, illustrating one of the pitch shafts, with the alternatingcurrent generators to which it gives movement; Fig. 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, on the line 6, 6,.Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a similar view, on the line 7, 7, Fig. 5, showing a laminated field magnet core with the field and armature windings removed; Fig. 8 is a yiew, partly in sectional elevation, partly diagrammatic, illustrating a key at the keyboard and the circuits controlled thereby; Fig. 9 is a sectional view, artly in eleva tions, are translatedinto au ible vibrations; translating device, whereby electrical vibration, are translated into audible vibrations; Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 8, but illustrating a modified construction, in which a plurality of inductive transfers are used to purify the tone. Fig. 11 shows a modification in which the line is connected with the receivers through transformers.

In all the figures, similar reference numerals refer to similar parts.

In th apparatus illustrated in the accompanying 'lrawings, I employ a series of alternating-current dynamos, having vibrationfrequencies corresponding to the notes of a musical scale, through a sufficient range, preferably a plurality of octaves. As the chromatic scale is, at present, in general use in piano-fortes and organs, I have illustrated my invention embodied in a mechanism for producing the notes of that scale,

though of course, it may be adapted to produce the notes of any other scale.

' Of the pitch-shafta-In order to produce the notes of the chromatic scale electrically through a plurality of octaves, I have found it convenient to use as many shafts as there are notes in the chromatic scale within an octave (2'. e. twelve): and to give movement from each shaft to a plurality of alternators, having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different octaves of the note for which such shaft stands. These different shafts I sometimes term, for conveniences sake, pitch shaft-s. Before describing these shafts,

I shall describe the bed-plate, with the main driving-shaft and its supports. There is, then, a heavy cast iron bed-plate I-I. Castings or pillow-blocks, H',H, are firmly attached to this bed-plate and support journals in which the main driving shaft H is mounted. This shaft may receive motion from any suitable driving engine, by means of a belt applied to the pulley H or it may be driven in any other suitable manner whatever. The main driving shaft carries, besides the pulley H twelve other pulleys, C, C, D, D, E, F, F, G, G, A, A, and B, which serve respectively to drivethe twelve pitch-shafts. These shafts (marked respectively c, c, d-,'d, e, f, f, g, g, a, a and b) as shown in the drawings are, or at least may be, exactly alike. Each is mounted in boxes k, is, which are attached to the bed-plate, H, and held in place thereon by studs and nuts la, is, and each carries a pulley k Belts, is, omitted in most of the drawings but shown in Fig. 5, connect the pulleys I0 I0 belonging to the pitch shafts with the driving pulleys C, O etc., carried by the main driving shaft H"; the whole arrangemcnt being such that the twelve pitch-shafts 0, c, d, (1, etc., are connected respectively with the twelve driving pulleys C, C, D, D, etc., so that said ulleys C, C, D, D, E, F, F, G, G, A, A and B, respectively drive the pitch shafts marked respectively 0, c, d, d, e, f, f, g, g, a and b, respectively. The twelve pulleys, I2", is, k, etc., belonging to the twelve pitch shafts respectively, are made preferably, all of exactly the same diameter and the twelve driving pulleys C, C, D, D, E, F, F, G, G, A, A and B, are made to differ in diameter in the same proportions in which the vibration-frequencies of the twelve notes 0, c-sharp, d, (l-sharp, e, f, f-sharp, g, g-sharp, a, a-sharp, and b, differ from each other in equal temperament. Or the diameters of the different pulleys 0 k, may be made to differ, as desired, the diameters of the corresponding driving pulleys C, C, D, D, etc., being made such that in the result said driving pulleys C, C, etc., give to the twelve pitch shafts, 1 7 1f, f 91g and driven respectively by them, angular velocities proportional to the vibration-frequencies, in equal temperament, of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale (a, c-sharp, d, d-sharp, e, ,f, f-sha'rp, g, g-sharp, a, a-sharp and b) for which the twelve pitch shafts respectively stand. Making the twelve pulleys I6 10 etc., attached, respectively, to the twelve pitch-shafts all of the same diameter, however, and making the difi'erences in pitch by the different diameters given to the driving pulleys C, Q, D, D, E, F, F, G, G, A, A, and B, the diameters of the twelve pulleys last mentioned expressed in units (for example, eighths of an inch) may pulley B, 488.2. The pitch built up be made as follows, to wit; diameter of pulley C, 258.7; of pulley C, 273.9; of pulleEy D, 290.3; of pulley D, 307.4; of pulley 325.9; of pulley F, 345.3; of pulley F, 365.8; of pulley D, 387.6; of pulle G, 410.4; of pulley A, 435.0; of pulley A 460.7; and of shafts should, of course, be well mounted and well lubricated, so that they will run with as little friction as may be, and the belts connecting the pitch-shaft pulleys k, In, etc., with the driving pulleys C, C D, D, etc., should be drawn taut, so that the slip or at least the difference in the rate of slip of the belts aforesaid will be as nearly as possible negligible, for any material difference in the rate of slip of said belts would tend more or less to throw the instrument out of tune. And, finally, the main driving shaft H, which carries the pulle ys C, C, D, D, etc., must be given such a velocity that it will bring the whole set of pitch shafts, with the alternators driven thereby, up to the pitch desired.

The alternating current generators, driven by thefpitch-shafta-l have said that the pitch sha ts may be made to be exactly alike and that I prefer to make each pitc shaft give movement to a plurality of alternating-current generators, having vibrationfrequencies corresponding to different powers of two and serving to produce different octaves of the same note. In the drawings, I illustrate a very simple form of alternating-current generator of the variety known as an inductor alternator; but I do not, I wish it to be very distinctly understood, at all limit myself to that variety, for any form of alternator whatever that is suitable for the purpose may be used instead of that shown. With the simple form of alternator illustrated in the drawings, the field coil and the armature coil are both wound upon the same laminated mass,'in the presence and field of which a toothed wheel, built up out of laminae or plates of soft iron, revolves.-

The armature coil is, of course, wound upon the end of the field mass nearest to the rotating inductor. See particularly Figs. 5, 6 and 7, in which 26 is the field mass or core, of thin plates of soft iron, insulated from each other and suitably bound together and fastened in proper position on the bed plate. 27 is the field co1l or exciting winding, through which a current is maintained by a battery or generator 28. O is the armature winding. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 are the inductors, firmly attached to the appropriate pitch shaft and having respectively 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 teeth, and each of which produces asmany complete or to-and-fro electrical vibrations per revolution as it has teeth. The .result, then, is

that the alternators impelled by a single shaft, have, as before said, vibration-frequencies corresponding to the different octaves of the same note.

r, r, are the keys of a key-board see particularly Figs. 8, 10 and 1. Preferably, these keys are arranged into a keyboard in the manner common and well known in pianofortes and organs, but, of course, any other suitable arrangement whatever may be used. With the details of construction, as illustrated in the drawings, the key r is fulcrumed at Z on the bar m. Another or circuit-closing key r is operated by the fingerkey r. I have spoken of the key r as a finger-key. Obviously, it may be a pedal or foot-key quite as well as a finger key. In the original application, No. 558,939, filed August 10, 1895, before mentioned, of which this a plication is a division, and in my application No. 43,944, filed January 19, 1901, and in other pending applications of mine, such keys are shown both as pedal or foot keys and as finger keys. The circuit-closing key, or circuit-closer r, is made of metal and is pivoted to the finger-key r, and has its horizontal limb connected by a conducting contractile spring 1' with the metal bar r. With this bar one end of the primary coil 0 of the inductorium O 61 is connected, so that said bar r serves as a common return for the circuits controlled by the several keys r, r. The armature-coil O of the alternator corresponding to any particular key r is in circuit with another or primary coil 0 which is in inductive relation to the secondary coil 0', one end of which is connected 100 with the primary coil 0 of the inductorium O 61, while the other end of said coil 0' is connected with the conducting piece r. This conducting piece r is suitably attached to the insulating bar r, just above the in- 105 sulating strip r, which strip is also attached to the bar r. The circuit-closing keys r, r,

(of which, it will be remembered, there is one for each of the keys of the key-board) lie normally in contact with the insulating strip r. But when the corresponding finger-key r is depressed, the circuit-closing key r carried by said finger-key r, rises and makes contact with the conducting-piece r, thereby closing the circuit of the coil 0' cor- 115 responding to said key and which is fed with vibrations from the alternator correspondin to said key, through the intermedium o the circuit O O. The result'is, that the periodic variations in the intensity of 120 the magnetization of the core 26, resulting from the uniform motion past it of the teeth of the inductor which rotates .before it, producing alternating currents in the circuit 0 0, act inductively upon the coil 0 to 125 produce electrical vibrations therein, which, passing through the primary coil 0' act inductively upon the secondary or line-circuit, 61. A number of translating devices,

whereby electrical vibrations aretranslated into audible aerial vibrations, are fed in any suitable manner with vibrations from the line circuit 61. One mode of doing this and the one illustrated in the drawings, Figs. 1 and 8, is to connect the vibration-translating devices in parallel with each other, so that each closes the circuit of the line 61.

Any suitable form of device whatever for translating the electrical vibrations, produced by the alternators in the line-circuit 61, into audible aerial vibrations, may be used. A good receiving telephone of the kind in common use, may be used, as illustrated in the drawings, Fig. 1. Or a vibrationtranslating device with a Wooden scund board and an electromagnet for its field-magnet, may be used, as illustrated in Fig. 8 and more in detail in Fig. 9, in which the sound-board is marked V. This soundboard is supported by a suitable framing V, attached to the base V A soft iron armature V is attached to the sound-board V. A soft iron core V, whose cross-section, in its upper portion, is that of a cleft cylinder (or it may be laminated in any other suitable manner whatever) attracts the armature V A disk-shaped having a threaded hole in its center, is screwed fast to the base V The lower part of the core V has a thread on it to lit the threaded hole in the center of the disk V. A lock-nut V serves to hold the core in a nv position in which it may be adjusted with relation to the armature V A bobbin V surrounds the core V, and carries two coils of insulatedwire, to wit, a field coil V on its lower part, and an armature coil V on its upper part surrounding that pole of the core V from whence the lines of force pass to the armature V The field coil V is in circuit with a local battery V and serves to maintain a field for the armature coil V to work in. Said armature "coil has one end connected with one of the line wires 61, and the other end connected with the other of said line wires, or with the ground, if a single-wire circuit with a ground return be used.

It is to be understood that each of the keys 1', 1', controls, or at least may control, a system of parts exactly like that illustrated in Fig. 8; the essential difference being that the altcrnators corresponding to the different keys have such different vibration-frequencies that each alternator gives electrical waves corresponding in frequency to the note for which its key stands. The different vibration-frequencies of the different alternators are produced preferably by employing, as before described, as many pitch shafts as there are notes within an octave, and giving movement from each pitch shaft to a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies, corresponding to different octaves of the note for which such pitch shaft stands. If a plurality of the keys 1", 7-,

piece of soft iron V be depressed simultaneously, the coils 0, 0', fed with vibrations from the alternatingcurrent dynamos corresponding to said keys, will impress upon the circuit 0 electrical vibrations corresponding in wave-form to the aerial vibrations which produce the effect of the chord, for which the keys depressed stand, upon the ear. From the cir cuit 0 these electrical vibrations are transferred by induction to the line circuit 61 which includes the armature coils V", of the vibration-translating devices. These electrical vibrations, passing through these coils, produce periodic variations in the intensity of magnetization of the core V and armature V which result in vibrations of the soundboard or diaphragm V, and of the surrounding air, similar in general wave-form to the electrical vibrations produced by the alternators upon the line. Thus the music produced by a performer, playing at a central station, may be heard by many persons, each in his own homemay be heard wherever the vibration-translating devices are located. By the apparatus illustrated in the drawings, a tune may be played at many places simultaneously, with notes of good quality and great power.

The apparatus which I have hereinbefore described has been described merely as one out of many possible embodiments of my invention. I shail now point out a few of the many modifications which may be made without (i ;l1i?l,., from the essential principles, or at teas; without departing from certain of the essential principles, of my invention.

It will be observed that in the drawings (sec particularly Figs. 1 and 8) the circuit which is made and broken by the action of the key 1', is not the armature circuit 0, but a circuit in inductive relation thereto. The merit of this construction is that the vibrations produced in the coil 0 are more nearly sinusoidal than those produced in the armature coil 0. For the vibrations of the electrical current produced in the armature coil 0, are rendered by the selfinduetion of the circuit containing that coil more nearly sinusoidal than the vibrations of voltage impressed upon that circuit. This results from the fact that the impedance of a coil, when that impedance is large, tends to suppress the higher partials to a very much greater extent than the ground tone. The same process goes on in the circuit of the coil 0, the higher partials being suppressed to a much greater extent than the ground tone. The result is a certain amount of purification of the tone. The accompanying disadvantage is that the tone is weakened by the same process of inductive transfer by which it is purified. Instead of having only one inductive transfer between the armature coil 0 and the coil 0,

whose circuit is made and broken by the key, we may have several inductive transfers, as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 10. Or, on the other hand,-we may omit the coil 0 entirely, and connectone terminal of the armature-coil O to the primary coil 0, and the other end to the contact-piece 1', controlled by. the key with which the alternator corresponds-a construction which, while it is covered generically by many of the claims at the end hereof, in the sense that it would be an infringement of those claims, is not specifically claimed herein, and could not be specifically claimed herein, under the rules of practice. But the construction mentioned, in which the armature circuit is made and broken by the key 1', with related subject matter'is'illustrated and described in another pending application of mine, No. 145,197, in which it is covered by specific claims.

O the vibrationtranslating devices.- As efore stated, my vibration-translating devices, illustrated in the drawin s, are essentially receiving telephones. his fact should be clearly understood: And when it is understood, it will be understood also that any other form of receiving tele hone might be used with greater or less e ect as a receiving or translating device in the carrylng out of my invention. A great many different kinds of receiving telephones, or telephone receivers, are well known. In the type commonly used, the electrical vibrations are translated into aerial vibrations by means of a magnet wound on one or both of its poles with insulated Wire, and acting u on a soft iron diaphragm, attracting the iaphragm with varying force, as thecurrents vary in the wire surrounding its pole or poles. This is likewise the essential construction of the device illustrated in Fig. 9; but for the sake of producing more powerful effects, I employ, in Fig. 9 a wooden sound-board, instead of the soft iron diaphragm, and a strong electro-magnet for the fieldfin place of the steel magnet usually employed. But many receiving instruments are known which dispense some with the coil .and magnet, others with the iron diaphra m or equivalent armature and sound-boar others with all these parts. In the well known condenser receiving-telephone of Prof. D01- bear, for example, no.magn'et and no coil is used in the receiver, but two diaphragms, I

insulated from each other and connected one with the line and the other with-the ground or with the return wire, alternately attract and repel one another potential vibrate upon the line. In other orms of receiving telephone, theexpansion and contraction of perature changes with the currents that virate throughit,

V-think, be found that ,rangement of parts Wlll serve as a receiving employed in as .changes of a' finewir, as its tem have been employed to.

translate electrical vibrations into aerial vibrations. In other receivers, the molecular changes in a metal core resulting from the vibrations of a current passing around it, are bmployedto translate electrical vibrations into aerial vibrations. In the chemical telephone of Mr. Edison, the changes produced by a vibratory current acting upon a chemical solution which conducts the current between moving surfaces is employed to translate electrical vibrations into aerial vibrations. And in a eculiar form of receiver invented by Prof. ray, changes in the coefiicientof friction between animal tissue and a metal surface, produced by the passage of a vibratory current between them, are availed of to translate electrical vibrations into-sound. These different devices areret'erred to only as prominent and well known examples ofreceiving telephones constructed upon different-principles. In fact, not only the mechanical devices, but also the scientific principles by which electrical vibrations are translated into sound are very various. And it will, I

whatever device or arwould serve also, to some translating device in my present invention. translating device, to translate musical electrical vibrations into audible aerial vibrations, is much simpler indeed, than that of the receiving telephones the transmission of speech, which have to traslate -the very complex vibrations of speech. The translating devices used in the carrying out of my invention, should, however, produce powerful tones; and for that reason the arrangement of a magnet wound with a-coil and attracting some formof diaphragm or soundboard is, in my opinion, practical arrangement; But however this may, be, it should be borne in mind, (a) that while some translating device is nec-. essary in the carryingout of m invention, and while a translating device orms an essential element of-some of the combinations electric telephone, extent at least, as a the carrying out of The function of my hereinafter claimed, yet what I have in.-

vented' is not; the translating device, but rather andiinter alia, the method strand apparatus for enerating ands distributing music electrics. y; (b)- that many fornis of translating devices are well lmownfm' tbe art under the name of-reeelving'telephones or telephone receivers;' d (c) that any translating device what'even that is suitable for the purpose, may be used in the carrying out of my invention, I p v Instead of arrangin the vibration-translating devices in para lel circuits, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 8 and -l0,.they may be arranged in series or in any other suitable manner.

probably the most I A continuous metallic line circuit is illustrated in the drawings, but in many situations a single wire, with a ground return, may be used, a construction which has the advantage of cheapness. The continuous metallic circuit costs more money, but'has the great advantage of being freer from dlsturbing currents.

Instead of connecting the line wire with the translatin devices by conduction, as illustrated in Iigs. 1, 8 and 10, it may be connected with the translating devices by induction; the line wire, for example, being connected with the primary coils of suitable inductoriums or transformers (the different transformers being arranged either in sericsor parallel) and the secondaries of the transformers being connected with thetranslating device, or the translating devices, for which such transformer serves. By this means small wires may be used to transmit powerful tones, or rather the electrical vibrations corresponding thereto, long distances; one illustratlon of such a connection is given in Fig. 11. a

In regard to c01'es.I consider it best, for economys sake, to use iron cores, well annealed and finely laminated, for the tonepurifying inductoriums for pitches below middle 0. And they may be used for pitches higher in the scale. By the term tone-purifying inductoriums, I mean inductoriums that serve to purify the quality of the tone by assimilating the vibratlons to sine-waves,

by suppressing or eliminating or excluding the higher components of the tone to a greater extent than the ground tone. In Figs. 1 and 8 the inductoriums O o are tone-purifying inductoriums. In Fig. 10, the inductoriums O" J, and K K and N 0' are tone-purifying inductoriums, for they serve to assimilate the electrical waves transmitted inductively by them to sinewaves. I consider it best to omit the iron cores from the tone-purifying inductoriums for the higher notes. I consider it preferable, in some respects also to avoid iron cores in the inductoriums O 61, in which the vibrations are combined into one ensemble, obtaining the necessary mutual induction between the coils O and 61 by using a sufficient number of turns of wire in the coils. I have found that/inductoriums in which iron cores are not used are, in important respects, especially for the wave-combining inductorium O 61, per1 r to those in which iron cores are used. musical effect can be obtained, wever, either with or without iron cores But wherever iron cores are used for' e inductoriums illustrated in the drawings, I have found it preferable that the magnetic circuit should be an open iron circuit, and that the reluctance, or magnetic resistance, of the air or non-ferric part of the circuit should contain which, so far 'the major part of the whole reluctance of the circuit.

For some purposes, and particularly in the middle and higher part of the compass, I consider a device in which there is but one inductive transfer for purifying the tones, as in Figs. 1 and 8, or the modification hereinbefore mentioned, in which the coil 0 is omitted and the armature coil 0 has one terminal connected with the wire 0 and the other with the key-controlled contact-piece r, preferable to the device illustrated in Fig. 10, for there is much less loss of power in the former than in the latter case.

In the drawings of this application I have illustrated a single form of mechanism for carryingv out my invention. In particular, the drawings show an apparatus having but one keyboard and one set of tone-producing devices. In the original application before mentioned, of which this is a division, as well as in my co-pending application, No. 43,944, filed January 19, 1901, and in other pending applications of mine are illustrated more complicated and expensive devices having a plurality of keyboards, having more than one set of tone-producing devices or tone-producing coils, and having numerous expression devices of various sorts. Any person desiring to build an apparatus having a plurality of keyboards, lplurality of sets of tone-producing coils, or

aving expression devices, will find the necessary information in the original application, of which this is a division, and in the other pending applications before mentioned, particularly the application filed January 19, 1901, Serial No. 43,944. Each of the applications above mentioned with the Letters Patent before mentioned, No. 580,035, dated April 6, 1897, illustrates a different portion of my work, and all should be consulted to get a perfect idea of the whole of my work in this field.

Apart from the broad principle of producing music by means of alternating-current dynamos, and distributing music by means of alternating-current dynamos, neither of as I am aware, has ever been either accomplished or suggested before my invention, the following important features of construction, which are also, as far as I am aware, new with me, may be mentioned:

(a) Driving difl'erent alternator-s, corresponding to dz'fierent notes, with dz'fi'erent angular): celocitiea-If we attempt to use one angular velocity for all the alternators, it becomes diflicult to obtain the vibrationfrequencies requisite for the different notes of the scale, particularly for the notes of the chromatic scale, without making the alter nators of enormous and, indeed, impracticable size. But by driving different alternators with different angular velocities, we

readily obtain all the notes of the chromatic,

or having a or any other, perfect pitches. I prefer, as before said, to use a different pitch shaft for each different note within the compass of an octave, but so far as the broad principle of driving different alternators with different angular velocities is concerned, it is not necessary to use as many pitch shafts as there are notes in the compass of an octave. Nor do I limit myself to using as many shafts as there are notes in the compass of an octave, except in those paragraphs of claim at the end hereof in which such limitation is by some form of words clearly expressed.

' '(b) Using an organization of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to miisical notes. of difi'erent pitches; different alternators being constructed so that they produce different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution, and combining with these alternators driving mechanism whereby difi'erent alternators are driven with difl'erent angular veZocities.-Thus, to obtain the requisite vibration-frequencies of the differentnotes, I use the two factors, (a) of the number of electrical vibrations produced per revolution by the alternator; and

(b). the angular velocity of the alternator,

and by changing one or both of these factors any desired vibration-frequency can readily be Secured.

(c) An important particular case under the foregoing principle or broad combination, is the use of alternators for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to musical notesarranged in a plurality of groups, theirotating members of each group being c'onnectedwith the other rotating members of that group, so that they rotate with the same angular velocity; different alternators of'suich' a group being formed to produce different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; and the different groups of alternators having different angular velocities. By this means, a few different angular velocities and a few different patterns of alternators,...repeated in each group, may be made to give a great number of notes: One illustration of thisprinciple, in which all the octavesof a note constitute a group, andthedii'ferent notes within the compass of an octave, (each note repeated in' itsdifferent octaves) constitute the dif fer'ent-groups,'1s found in the mechanism illustrated in the drawings of this applica-- tion. The-illustration 'furnished by the drawings, however, is only one out of several' possible applications of this principle of mv invention. 7

(d) An important particular case under each of the above principles, set forth in paragraph std), (b) and (c) is the construc-' tion above mentioned," in which as many pitch shafts are as the notes of .the scale. within the compass of an octave, these scale desired, with practically .principle found in the drawings pattern by they are driven. Thus all the notes of the scale through seven octaves can be obtained shafts being driven with different angular velocities, and each serving to give movement to a plurality of alternators, constructed to have vibration-frequencies standing to each other as different powers of two, and serving to give different octaves of the same note. The particular illustration of this embodies twelve shafts, corresponding to the twelve notes of the chromatic scale; but the principle applies whether the chromatic scale be used or some other scale.

(e) Another important particular case under the above heads, and of which one illustration is to be found in the drawings, consists in rotating the shafts which correspond to different notes with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond. From this construction two advantages result: (a) perfoot pitches may be obtained; and (b) one pattern of alternator may be made, (and in the construction illustrated in the drawings is made) to serve for all the notes of the scale within the compass of an octave, the consecutive notes within that compass being obtained from alternators of the very same the different speeds with which from seven patterns of alternators, each pattern repeated twelve times. This results in *a great simplification of the work of construction, and quired. 7

Yet other important features of my invention relate to the combination, with a suitable organization of alternators, of suitable vibration'translating apparatus, and suitable means whereby the different alternators are caused: to sound their respective notes, each as required, in the vibrationtranslating apparatus. The form of vibration-translating device which I prefer to use, and the one illustrated in the drawings, is a common-receiver vibration-translating device. By a common-receiver vibration translating device, I mean a device that translates musical notes of different pitches into audible vibrations. I use the term common-receiver in the contradistinction to those tuned receivers that are capable each of translating into audible vibrations eleca cheapening of the tools re-.

tricahvibrations of one given frequency instead.

The arrangement of note-controlling devices which I consider on the whole the most useful, and the one which is illustrated in the drawings, is a collection of keys formed into a keyboard. But other note-controlling devices are well known in the musical art, and I do not limit myself to keys of a keyboard as note-controlling devices, except in these particular paragraphs of claim where such a limitation is clearly expressed.

In the drawings I have illustrated an arrangement of alternators in which there are as many pitch shafts as there are notes of a scale within the compass of an octave, and I have illustrated an arrangement of pulleys and belts for driving the different pitch shafts with angular velocities corresponding respectively to the vibration-frequencies of the notes for which such pitch shafts stand. But- (a) Though I consider it important in many cases and for many purposes to employ as many pitch shafts as there are notes within the compass of an octave (counting the note on which the octave commences and ends as one, making twelve pitch shafts for the chromatic scale or seven for the diatonic scale,) a pitch shaft for each note, and to run these shafts with different angular velocities, yet, since I am the first person, so far as I am aware, who has ever produced and distributed music from dynamos by any construction or; arrangement of mechanism whatever, I wish broad protection for my invention, and do not intend to limit myself to using as many pitch shafts there are notes in the compass of an octave, (nor, indeed, to using any pitch-shafts) except in those paragraphs of claim at the end hereof in which such limitation is clearly expressed or necessarily implied.

(b) I do not attach any special importance to the use of pulleys and belts as the driving mechanism for driving the several pitch shafts, each with the requisite angular velocity, as illustrated in the drawings. The construction illustrated in the drawings was the best form of mechanism that I had contrived for the purpose at the date of the filing of the original application before mentioned, No. 558,939, of which this application is a division, and was the only arrangement for the purpose illustrated 1n the drawings of that application, and 1t 1s, therefore, the only one which, under the settled rules of practice, can be illustrated in this divisional application. But 1n my other pending application before mentloned, No. 43,944, filed January 19, 1901, an arrangement of arts is clearly illustrated and fully described and claimed in which my present principles of (i) employing as many pltch shafts as there are notes within the compass of an octave; (it) mounting on each pitch shaft the rotating members of alternators having vibration-frequencies standing to each other as different powers of two, and serving to give different octaves of the note for which such pitch shaft stands; and (iii) driving the different pitch shafts with different angular velocities-are employed in combination with an improved driving mechanism especially adapted to the purpose, whereby the several pitch shafts are all of them positively connected to run, each at exactly the appropriate angular velocity and absolutel without slip. I do not therefore, it will e understood, limit myself to using the form of driving mechanism illustrated in the drawings, but reserve right to use any other form whatever uv which the several features of my invciion set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof may be carried out.

(0) So far as the broad feature of my invention of generating and distributing music electrically by means of alternators, and which so far as I am aware was never as before said done prior to my invention, and so far as the broad combination claims for such an organization of alternators is concerned, I do not limit myself either (a) to a construction in which as many pitch shafts are employed as there are notes of the scale within the compass of an octave (twelve for the chromatic scale or seven for the diatonic scale) nor (6) to a construction in which a plurality of pitch shafts are employed, running at different angular velocities, and each giving a movement to a different portion of the shafts, except in those paragraphs of the statement of claim at the end hereof in which such a limitation is in some form of words clearly expressed. And while I consider it convenient and in many ways advantageous to rotate the difi'erent pitch shafts, where a plurality of them are employed, with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes of the scale to which said shafts respectively correspond, it is not necessary that this should be done in every case in order to carry out the broad principle of my invention of rotating different shafts with different angular velocities.

I have shown in the drawings a particular construction of inductor alternator which has the merit of simplicity and cheapness, and of non-liability to get out of order as there are no moving wires and no moving connections. But any other suitable form of alternator whatever that is suitable for the purpose may be used instead. It will be understood, then, that in the statement of claim at the end hereof, I use the words alternator, or alternating-current d namo, whether in the singular or in t e plural, in its broad and generic sense, and do not restrict myself to inductor alternators except in those few paragraphs of claim in which such limitation is clearly and expressly set forth.

Instead of arranging the coils 0', 0, in parallel circuit, with the primary coil 0' as a common return, they may be arranged in any other suitable manner whatever. Thus, for example, to mention one out of several possible modifications, I may use a vibration-combining inductorium having separate primaries for the several coils 0', 0', (a primary for each of said coils 0', said primaries being each connected in series with its coil 0') and from the secondary of said inductorium I can convey vibrations in any suitable manner whatever to the vibration-translating devices. Such a construction is described in the original application before mentioned, of which this is a division. And in general I would say that many modifications of the broad features of invention embodied in the mechanism and apparatus illustrated and described in the drawings of this application are illustrated and described in other pending applications of mine, and particularly in the original application before-mentioned, No. 558,939; that I have made yet other modifications; that many such modifications may be made by the skilled electrician, whether involving invention or not involving invention, without at all departing from the essential and underlying, or at least from certain of the essential and underlying principles of my inven tion herein described, and that I wish full protection for all my invention herein described and for every part thereof.

By the terms alternating current dynamo, or alternating, current generators or alternators (all which are used herein synonymously) as the same are used in this specification, and particularly in the statement of claim at-the'end hereof, I'mean any suitable sort or kind of alternating current dynamo whateverany sort or kind of device whatever in which alternating currents are generated inductively by the rotation of an inductive body in the presence of a field, or of a field in the presence of an inductive body, or of each in the presence of the other; and I do not at all limit myself to the particular kind or construction of alternator illustrated in the drawings, which is shown only by way of example and not byway of limitation.

By circuit-controlling device I mean any device whatever for controlling a circuit, and I do not limit myself to the articular kind illustrated in the 'drawin s, ut mean to include every other kind w ich may be used instead.

By note-controlling device I'mean a device which acts to cause the production of 'a note in the vibration-translating apparatus,

and by note-controlling devices I refer to any suitable sort or kind of device orcmechanism Whatever whereby the notes of an air,

tune or musical composition may be caused to sound, each as required.

By the term vibration-translating device, as used in the statement of claim at the end hereof, I mean to include any device whatever for causing the production of audible vibrations by means of electrical vibrations.

When, in any of the paragraphs of claim at the end hereof, I speak of one circuit acting inductively upon another circuit, or being in inductive relation to another circuit, or use other words of similar import, I do not mean to imply that the one circuit which is in inductive relation to the other circuit, or which acts inductively upon the other circuit is necessarily itself in the field of that other circuit; I only mean that the first circuit, in some suitable manner, whether directly 0r through the intermedium of one or more other inductively intermediate circuits, causes by induction an electrical effect in the other circuit when the strength or direction of the currents circulating in the first circuit is altered. Thus, in the drawings, the armature circuits, 0 O, O 0:, are, in the sense in which I use the words in this specification, in inductive relation to p the line circuit 61, and act bv induction upon said circuit 61, although the armature circuits O O", O O", are not in the field of the line circuit 61, and can act on that circuit only through the inductively-intermediate circuits 0 O, 0' 0. So when I speak generically of vibration-translating apparatus, or more specifically of commonreceiver vibration-translating devices, being fed with vibrations from the line, or from some other circuit, I do not mean that such vibration-translating apparatus shall necessarily be connected directly with the line or source from which it is fed with vibrat ons, though, of course, it may, as in the drawings, beconnccted conveniently with the line. By saying, in effect or in substance, that the vibration-translating apparatus is fed with electrical vibrations from the line, I mean only that the electrical vibrations in the line cause, in some manner and by some suitable means, electrical vibrations in the vibrationtranslating apparatus, which are by that apparatus translated into audible sound, and I have already pointed out that the line circuit 61 may act upon'the vibration-translating devices through one or more circuits that shall be inductively intermediate said line and said vibration-translating devices.

As before stated, I am the first person, so far as I am aware, to produce music by means of dynamos, and the first to ever distribute music by means of dynamos. I wish full and just protection for every part of my invention; I wish the full benefit of the doctrine of equivalents, and I do not intend to dedicate or abandon any part of my invention to the public, nor to limit any of the paragraphsiof claim at the end hereof except as each may be limited by the clauses of limitation clearly expressed in it.

I do not claim in this application anythingthat is claimed in my other prior applications-No. 43,944, filed June 19, 1901, renewed February 26, 1913, No. 750,721; No. 145,197, filed February 26, 1903, renewed on or about November 6, 1913, renewal No. 799,625; No. 194,111, filed Feb ruary 17, 1904; No. 194,112, filed February 17, 1904; No. 194,113, filed February 17, 1904; No. 194,114, filed February 17, 1904; No. 194,116, filed February 17, 1904; No. 194,117, filed February 17, 1904, renewed, April 27, 1914, renewal No. 834,817; No. 436,013, filed June 1, 1908; No. 485,645, filed March 25, 1909; and No. 513,961, filed August 21, 1909. But

What I claim herein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent hereunder is 1. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, a series of alternators aving vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale.

2. In combination, in. an electricalmusicgeneratin system, a series of alternators having vibration-fre uencies corresponding to consecutive notes of the chromatic scale.

3. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, a series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale, through one or more octaves.

4; In combination, in an electrical musicgeneratin system, a series of alternators having v1 ration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of the chromatic scale, through one or more octaves. 5. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a lurality of alternators having vibrationrequencies cor responding to musical notes of different pitches; and (6) driving mechanlsm for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities.

6. In combination, (a) a series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding respectively to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; and (6) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities. I

7. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) an organization of alternators having v1bration-frequencies corresponding to musical notes of different pitches, different alternators being constructed so that they produce respectively different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; and (1)) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities.

8. In combination, (a) a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; different alternators being constructed so that they produce, respectively, different numbers of electrical vibration, per revolution; and (6) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities.

9. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, alternators for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to musical notes of different pitches; said alternators having rotating members; said alternators being arranged in a plurality of groups; the rotating members of a group of alternators being connected together so that they rotate with the same angular velocity; different alternators of such a group being constructed to produce different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; different groups of alternators being driven with different angular velocities.

10. An organization of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to the notes of a musical scale through a plurality of octaves; said alternators having r0- tating members; said alternators being arranged in a plurality of groups; the rotating members of a group of alternators being connected together so that they rotate with the same angular velocity; different alternators of such a group being constructed to produce different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; different groups of alternators being driven with different angular velocities.

11., In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of shafts; (b) means whereby said shafts are driven with different angular velocities; and (c) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of a musical scale.

12. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) shafts equal .in number to the notes of amusical scale within the compass of an octave, said shafts ro: tating with different angular velocities; and (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of a musical scale.

13. In combination, in an electrical musicgeneratin system, (a) twelve shafts rotating wit 1 different angular velocities; and

(b) a series of alternators receiving movement from sald shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the chromatic scale.

14. In combination, in an electrical musicgeneratin system, (a) a plurality of shafts corresponc ing respectively to consecutive notes of a musical scale, and rotating respectively, with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibrationfrequencies of the notes to which they respectively ceiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the scale to which such shafts respectively correspond.

15. In combination, in an electric musicgenerating system, (a) shafts, equal in number to the notes of a musical scale within the compass of an octave, said shafts corresponding, each to a different one of said notes, and rotating with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond; and (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the scale to which such shafts respectively correspond.

16. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) twelve shafts corresponding respectively to the twelve notes of the chromatic scale and rotating with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond; and (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and operating to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the chromatic scale. a 17. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating apparatus, a shaft, and a plurality of alternators carried by said shaft and having vibration-frequencies standing to each other as different powers of two, and serving to produce electrical vibrations havmg frequencies corresponding to different octaves of the same musical note.

18. An electrical music-generating system, including, in combination, (a) a plurality of shafts; (b) alternators, whose rotary members are carried by the shafts aforesaid, each of a plurality of said shafts carrying therotary members of a plurality of the alternators aforesaid, whose vibration frequencies stand to each other numerically as powers of two. v

19. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of alternators for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to consecutive notes of a musicorrespond; (b) alternators recal scale; and (b) a plurality of shafts, each giving movement to a plurality of said alternators having vibration-frequencies standing to each other numerically as powers of two.

20. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, an organization of vibration-generating devices for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to the notes of a musical scale through a range greater than one octave; said organization including (a) a plurality of alternators; and (b) shafts equal. in number to the notes of the musical scale aforesaid within the compass of an octave; said shafts each in general giving movement to a plurality of alternators whose vibration-frequencies correspond to different octaves of the same note; the alternators carried by different shafts having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different notes.

21. In combination in an electrical musicgenerating system, an organization of vibration-generating devices for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to notes of a musical scale through a range greater than one octave, said organization including (a) a plurality of alternators; and (b) twelve shafts corresponding respectively to the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, in that they give movement to the alternators whose vibration-frequencies correspond with those of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, each of a plurality of said shafts giving movement to a plurality of alternators whose vibration-frequencies correspond to different octaves of that note of the chromatic scale to which the shaft carrying such alternators corresponds.

22. An electrical music-generating system, including, in combination, (a) a plurality of shafts; (b) altc nators, whose rotary members are carriedby the shafts aforesaid, each of a plurality of said shafts carrying the rotary members of a plurality of the alternators aforesaid, whose vibration frequencies stand to each other numerically as powers of two, the necessary differences in the vibration-frequencies of the alternators aforesaid being obtainedpartly by furnishing different numbers of poles to different alternators, and partly by giving different angular-velocities to the various shafts aforesaid.

23. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of alternators for producing electric vibrations corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale; (7)) a plurality of shafts rotating with different angular velocities, and each giving movement to a plurality of the alternators aforesaid having vibration-frequencies standing to each other numerically as different powers'of two, and serving to give different octaves of the same note.

24. In an electrical music-generating systom, an organization of vibration-generating devices, for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to the notes of a musical scale through a range greater than one octave, in combination with vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; said organization of vibration-generating devices, including (a) a plurality of alternators; and (b) shafts equal in number to the notes of the musical scale aforesaid within the compass of an octave; said shafts corresponding each to one of the notes of said scale, in that'it serves to give movement 'to the alternator whose vibrations produce such note in the vibration-translating device; different shafts rotating with different angular velocities; each of a plurality of said shafts giving movement to a plurality of alternators whose vibrationfrequencies correspond to different octaves of the note to which the shaft carrying such alternators corresponds.

25. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, an organization of vibration-generating devices for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to the notes of a musical scale through a range greater than one octave; in combination with vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; said organization of vibratlongenerating devices including (a) a plurality of alternators; and (b) twelveshafts corresponding respectively to the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, in that they serve respectively to give movement to the alternators whose vibrations produce the notes of the chromatic scale respectively, in the vibration-translating a paratus; different shafts rotating with di erent angular velocitics; each of a plurality of said shafts giving movement to a plurality of alternators, whose vibration-frequencies correspond to different octaves of the note to which such shaft corresponds.

26. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) aseries of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale; (6) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (0) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused, to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating' apparatus.

27. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating apparatus, (a) a series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; (1)) vibration-translating -apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (a) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

28. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a lurality of alternators having vibrationrequencies corresponding to musical notes of different pitches; driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (03) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibrationtranslating apparatus.

29. In combination, (a) a series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding respectively to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; (1;) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities; (a) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (of) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond,'are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

30. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) an organization of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to musical notes of different pitches; different alternators being constructed so that they produce respectively, different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; (6) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (03) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond,- are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-tramslating apparatus.

31. In combination, (a) a plurality of alternators having vibration frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of .a.

musical scale through one or more octaves; different alternators being arranged so that they produce, respectively, different numbers of electrical vibrations per revolution; (7)) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each asrequired, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

32. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) shafts equal in number to the notes of a musical scale within. the compass of an octave, said shafts rotating with different angular velocities; (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the scale; (0) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

33,,ln combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of shafts corresponding respectively to consecutive notes of amuslcal scale, and rotating respectively with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibrationfrequencies, of the notes to which they respectively correspond; (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and,

serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the scale to which such shafts respectively correspond; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

34. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, shafts, equal in number to the notes of a musical scale within the compass of an octave, said shafts corresponding each to a different one of said notes, and rotating with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond; (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations having frequencies corresponding to the notes of the scale to which such shafts respectively correspond; (e) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

35. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system,(a) a shaft; a plurality of alternators carried by said shaft and having vibration-frequencies standing to each other as different powers of two, and serving to produce electric vibrations corresponding to different octaves of the same musical note; (0) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

36., In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) alternators for producing electrical vibrations corresponding to musical notes of different pitches; (b) a plurality of shafts rotating with diflerent angular velocities, and each giving movement to a plurality of the alternators aforesaid having vibration-frequencies standing -to each other numerically as different powers of two, and serving to produce electric vibrations corresponding to different octaves of the same'note; (a) vibrationtranslating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (01) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

37. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (A) an organization of vibration generating devices for producing the notes of a musical scale electrically through a range greater than one octave; said organization including (a) a plurality of alternators; and (b) shafts equal in number to the notes of the musical scale aforesaid within the compass of an octave; different shafts rotating with different angular velocities; 'said shafts each, in general, giving movement to a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different octaves of same note; the different shafts serving to drive alternators whose vibration-frequencies correspond respectively to diflerent notes; B) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audiblevibrations; and (C) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibrationtranslating apparatus.

38. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of alternators; (b) a plurality of shafts corresponding respectively to consecutive notes of a musical scale and rotating respectively with angular velocities having the same nu- :merical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond; each of said shafts giving movement to a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different octaves of the note to which suchshaft corresponds; (0%7 vibration-translating apparatus, where y electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and ((1) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, In the vibralion-translating apparatus.

3!). In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system (A) an organization of vibration generating devices for producing the notes of a musical scale electrically through a range greater than one octave; said organization including (a) a plurality of alternators; (b) shafts e ual in number to the notes of the scale a orcsaid within the compass of one octave; said shafts corresponding each to one of said notes and rotating with angular velocities having the same numerical ratios as the vibration-frequencies of the notes to which they respectively correspond; each of a plurality of said shafts giving movement to a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different octaves of the note to which such shaft corresponds; (B) vibration translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations aretranslated into audible vibrations; and (C) means whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound,

each asFrequired, in the vibration-translating apparatus. I 2- 40. In combination, in anelectrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to different notes of a musical scale; (b) vibration-translating apparatus,

- whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (0) keys at a keyboard and means controlled thereby, whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid res ectively correspond, are caused to sound, eac as required, in the vibrationtranslating apparatus.

41. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a, series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; (1)) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (0) keys at a keyboard and means controlled thereby, whereby the notes,

. to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating ap paratus. v

1 42. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a 'lurality of alternators having vibrationrequencies corresponding to musical notes of different pitches; (1)) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators-are driven with different angular velocities; (0)

vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electricalvibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) keys at a keyboard 43. In combination, in an electrical music-generating system, (a) a series of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding respectively to consecutive notes of a musical scale through one or more octaves; (1)) driving mechanism for said alternators, whereby different alternators are driven with different angular velocities; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into andible vibrations; and (01) keys at a keyboard and means controlled thereby, whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translatin apparatus.

44. In combination, in an electrical music-generating system, (a) shafts equal in number to the notes of a musical scale within the compass of an octave, said shafts rotating with different angular velocities; (b) alternators receiving movement from said shafts and serving to produce electrical vibrations corres onding to the notes of the musical scale a oresaid; (c) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into audible vibrations; and (d) keys at a keyboard and means controlled thereby, whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to'sound, each as required,-

ble vibrations; and (d) keys at a keyboard,

a means controlled thereby whereby the notes, to which the alternators aforesaid respectively correspond, are caused to sound, each as required, in the vibration-translating apparatus.

46. In combination, in an electrical musicgenerating system, (a) a plurality of alternators having vibration-frequencies corresponding respectively to musical notes of different pitches; (b) a plurality of shafts rotating with difi'erentangular velocities, and each giving movement to a plurality of the alternators aforesaid having vibration-frequencies standing to each other numerically as different powers of two; (0) vibration-translating apparatus, whereby electrical vibrations are translated into'audible vibrations; 

